Abstrak Artikel ini menguji kompleksitas seputar kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh Muslim terhadap komunitas Ahmadiyah di Indonesia di era baru demokrasi reformasi. Kekerasan muncul sejak 1998 pasca Suharto ketika beberapa kelompok Muslim seperti Front Pembela Islam (FPI), yang mengklaim bahwa Ahmadiyah adalah kelompok yang sesat menurut ortodoksi Islam. Artikel ini mencoba memahami mengapa dan bagaimana Ahmadiyah menjadi target serangan kekerasan oleh beberapa kelompok Muslim di period pasca Suharto dengan meningkatnya kelompok fundametalis Islam setelah menemukan kebebasan baru beragama. Dengan demikian, pertanyaan yang muncul adalah bagaimana faktor politik, ekonomi dan teologi Islam muncul sebagai faktor penting yang mengkontribusi atas serangan kekerasan. Melalui identifikasi studi kasus tertentu penyerangan di kota-kota lintas pulau Jawa dan Lombok, saya juga akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk menemukan solusi yang terbaik dan sejauhmana efektifitas kebijakan tersebut untuk menyelesaikan masalah.
eleven/S.D tahun 1946, tugas pokoknya sebagai berikut: ”Mengawasi semua aliran dan memusatkan segala minatnya kepada hajat-hajat dan tujuan-tujuan dari seseorang atau golongan penduduk yang ada atau timbul di daerah Republik Indonesia atau yang datang dari luar, yang dianggap dapat membahayakan kesentausaan Negara Indonesia dan sebaliknya membantu hajat dan cita-cita seseorang atau golongan penduduk yang bermaksud menyentausakan negara dan keamanan Republik Indonesia serta tugas riset dan analisis lainnya.”
Tapi apa yang bisa kita rasakan dan kita lihat dari hasil reformasi ini? Reformasi yang telah berjalan enam belas tahun ini semula bertujuan menegakkan demokrasi dan HAM, kini kita lihat hasilnya.
Soeharto’s strategy inside the 1970s was to generate ‘contestation’ concerning institutions to ensure they could in no way ‘unite’ versus Suharto, who ended up inserting all intelligence businesses under his direct Handle. Though Soeharto designated BAKIN being a strategic intelligence company, he did not quickly disband KOPKAMTIB and Opsus. Soeharto also ‘strengthened’ the determine of the “Intelligence Assistant” under the Ministry of Defense and Safety who was expected to direct concurrently the ABRI’s (Commander on the Armed Forces of your Republic of Indonesia) controlled territorial armed service intelligence units, KOPKAMTIB, and BAKIN, which regularly ran overlapping functions and in some cases competed Along with the purpose of securing Soeharto’s pursuits.
This information will briefly retrace the record of Indonesia’s strategic intelligence dynamics because its inception and provide an analysis of the current status of political democratization usually and intelligence reform especially after 1998.
BAKIN, which afterwards grew to become BIN, remains underneath the scrutiny of your navy, especially about their alleged relationship to a number of social periksa di sini conflicts and violent functions that happened just after 1998, found as a mirrored image of Soeharto’s ‘anger.’ You will find a few views formed right now. First
Societal Corporations stipulates a classification of “societal corporations without having authorized entity standing.” While this may appear to deliver more room for CSOs, this group is meant for The federal government to have the ability to Command any sort of CSO.
[30] You will discover allegations of deliberate failure to manage this chaos thoroughly, once again rooting in loyalty to the Orde Baru
When Soeharto ‘resigned’ from his post as President in May 1998 in the force in the political Professional-democracy movement and also a lessen in assist from the civilian political elite, his successors couldn't immediately make radical variations on the construction and society in the intelligence providers.
Para reformator menyadari apa yang terjadi dalam gereja, hati nurani mereka tidak bisa melihatnya begitu saja bagaimana hidup umat Tuhan yang jauh dari firman Tuhan.
Anyone who deliberately in composing incites in general public to dedicate a punishable act, a violent motion in opposition to the public authority or almost every other disobedience, both to a statutory provision or to an Formal order issued underneath a statutory provision, shall be punished by a optimum imprisonment of 6 a long time or possibly a maximum good of 300 Rupiahs.
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Berdasarkan hasil diskusi, ada beberapa rekomendasi yang perlu segera diimplementasikan oleh pemerintah, seperti meningkatkan kualitas dan efektivitas BIN dengan menerapkan pendekatan berbasis ancaman.
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